Jerry Reiss Actuary

Jerry Reiss Actuary Jerry Reiss Actuary Jerry Reiss Actuary

Jerry Reiss Actuary

Jerry Reiss Actuary Jerry Reiss Actuary Jerry Reiss Actuary
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    • HOME
    • ABOUT US
    • BLOG
    • ACTUARIAL SERVICES
      • ACTUARIAL SERVICES
      • BENEFIT DISPUTES
      • ESTATE LIQUIDATION
      • CRAFT & ROGERS
    • FAMILY LAW
      • START HERE
      • BENEFIT VALUATIONS
      • NON-MARITAL TO MARITAL?
      • QDRO'S
      • LEGAL MALPRACTICE
    • EMPLOYMENT LAW
      • CONTRACT LAW
      • DISCRIMINATION AT WORK
    • LAWYER TESTIMONIALS
      • Lawyer Testimonials
    • CLIENT TESTIMONIALS
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    • PUBLICATION LINKS
    • CONTACT US

  • HOME
  • ABOUT US
  • BLOG
  • ACTUARIAL SERVICES
    • ACTUARIAL SERVICES
    • BENEFIT DISPUTES
    • ESTATE LIQUIDATION
    • CRAFT & ROGERS
  • FAMILY LAW
    • START HERE
    • BENEFIT VALUATIONS
    • NON-MARITAL TO MARITAL?
    • QDRO'S
    • LEGAL MALPRACTICE
  • EMPLOYMENT LAW
    • CONTRACT LAW
    • DISCRIMINATION AT WORK
  • LAWYER TESTIMONIALS
    • Lawyer Testimonials
  • CLIENT TESTIMONIALS
    • Client Testimonials
  • PUBLICATION LINKS
  • CONTACT US

Publication Links

Jerry Reiss & Jeffrey Thomas,  Determining The Marital Portion of A Non-Marital Home, 35 Fam.Law.Commetator 4 p.38 (Spring, 2021)


Jerry Reiss & Marc Brawer, Ending Permanent Alimony: A Crisis For Enforcing Equitable Distribution,  94 Fla.B.J 40 (Jan, 2021)


Jerry Reiss & Marc Brawer, Mishandled QDROs: The Armageddon of Family Law,  34 Fam.Law.Commentator 19 (Fall, 2019)


Jerry Reiss & Roberta Watson, Redefining Retirement in the 21st Century for the Small Employer and America, 93 Fla.B.J. 96 (Sept., 2019)


Jerry Reiss & Michael Walsh, An In-Depth Look at Active Effort in the Appreciation of Non-Marital Assets, Fla.B.J. 38 (November, 2015)


Jerry Reiss & Marc Brawer, A 21st Century Headache: Rethinking the Important Assets, 24 Fam.Law.Commentator 1 p. 18 (Spring, 2014)


Jerry Reiss & Marc Brawer, The Intersection of Florida Statute Statute § 55.03  and Family Law,  87 Fla.B.J 54 (July/Aug, 2013)


Jerry Reiss, Terminating An Income Trust:  A Suggested Approach, ABA Bankers Journal (online)  (Dec. 2010)

Jerry Reiss & A. Matthew Miller, Determining The Non-Marital Portion of Pensions and Retirement Benefits,  83 Fla. B.J. 37 (February, 2009) 


Jerry Reiss, What's Wrong With Most Forensic Valuations, 28 Fam.Law.Commentator 30 (December, 2008)


Jerry Reiss & A. Matthew Miller, Determining the Nonmarital Portion of Retirement Benefit and Other Property, 81 Fla. B.J. 34 (February, 2007)


Jerry Reiss, The Anatomy of Commingled Funds: Untying the Knots with New Theory, 22 Fam. Law Commentator 34 (Summer, 2006)


Jerry Reiss & Michael Walsh, The Mathematics for Imputing Income, 

80 Fla. B. J. 64 (July-August, 2006)


Jerry Reiss, Dividing Pension Property: Underrated Malpractice Concerns,
7 Divorce Litig. 116 (July, 2004).

Jerry Reiss & Jessie Hogg, Classification and Valuation of Damages Under Title 

VI, 78 Fla. B.J. 55 (January, 2004)

Jerry Reiss & Stuart Rosenfeldt, Valuing Economic Damages In Employment 

Litigation From A Plaintiff’s Perspective, 76 Fla. B.J. 57 Part 1 (May, 2002)


Jerry Reiss & Stuart Rosenfeldt, Valuing Economic Damages in Employment 

Litigation From A Plaintiff’s Perspective, 76 Fla. B.J. 91 Part 2 (June, 2002)  


Jerry Reiss & David A. Thompson, Dividing Pension Property After Boyett, Part 1 

75 Fla. B. J. 47 (Feb., 2001)


Jerry Reiss & David A. Thompson, Dividing Pension Property After Boyett, Part 2, 

75 Fla. B.J. 38 (Mar., 2001)


Jerry Reiss & Richard Ryles, Settlement Offers in Personal Injury: Identifying the 

Break-Even Offer, 74 Fla. B.J. 54 (Feb., 2000)


Jerry Reiss & Michael Walsh, Post-Retirement Medical Benefits: A Not-So-Certain 

Property Right, 15 J. Am. Acad. Matrimonial Law 375 (1998)


Jerry Reiss & Michael Walsh, Cross-Examining The Pension Expert, 72 Fla. B.J. 98 

(June, 1998)  


Jerry Reiss, Dividing Pension Rights: Exposing the Myths and the Malpractice¸ 

Fair$hare, March 1997.


Jerry Reiss, The Public Pension Trap: Why Most Property Divisions Are 

Unfair Part 1, Family Law Commentator, Sep. 1996.


Jerry Reiss, The Public Pension Trap: Why Most Property Divisions Are 

Unfair Part 2, Family Law Commentator, Dec. 1996. 


Jerry Reiss & Douglas H. Reynolds, The Not-So-Simple Coverture Fraction: 

Do Attorneys Risk More Than Embittered Clients?, 70 Fla. B.J. 62 (May 1996).


Jerry Reiss & Douglas H. Reynolds, The Not-So-Simple Coverture Fraction: 

Do Attorneys Risk More Than Embittered Clients? Part 2, 70 Fla. B.J. 101 


Jerry Reiss, The Emerging Marital Controversy: 

When Should Post-Dissolution Accruals Be Treated as Marital Property, 

Divorce Litigation, Fall 1995.

(Provided upon Request)


Jerry Reiss & Stephen M. Waters, The Pension Trap: 

Trading Pension Rights in Divorce Settlements, 83 Ill. B.J. 302 (June 1995).


Jerry Reiss, The Role of the Pension Expert in the Valuation and Division 

of Retirement Plan Benefits, Family Law Commentator, May 1995.

(Provided upon request)


Jerry Reiss & A. Matthew Miller, Drafting QDRO’s: 

A Malpractice Waiting to Happen Part 1, 69 Fla. B.J. 43 (Feb. 1995).


Jerry Reiss & A Matthew Miller, Drafting QDRO's:

A Malpractice Waiting to Happen Part 2, 69 Fla.B.J. 36 (Mar. 1995)


LINKS

Selected Newsletters

OPEN LETTER

My Two Cents on the Health Care Debate

By Jerry Reiss

  • Published on Linkedin on June 23, 2017

I started my career as a Health Actuary in the early 70s. The problem with runaway costs began with the introduction of "Usual and Customary" by Blue Cross & Blue Shield. The coverage before that provided a fixed schedule of benefits (see page 6 of treatise). The schedule of benefits controlled costs because the consumer had limited funds and only sought services that could be afforded. Usual and Customary gave ordinary people access to huge sums of money and it is responsible for an explosion of expanded services largely responsible for increased longevity. But it also led to runaway costs. I had been working on the solution to the problem (in the early 70s) which involved identifying and controlling the two drivers of cost: Incidence and Utilization.

Incidence is the rate by which people incur illness in the insured population. Utilization is how often they use the insurance. The solution was remarkably simple. The Affordable Care Act identified what those drivers are and sensible solutions. What was enacted fell far short of what is needed because politics got in the way. We will not be able to solve the problem with only market-based solutions, nor will it be solved without a 100% mandate, nor can it be solved without addressing limiting utilization for end of life care. Without limiting the latter, restricting what kind of profit players can make, and severely eliminating the ability to sue, the rich in their 80s are provided more affordable coverage at the expense of the working poor having less or no access to health care. People of means can always opt out of insurance coverage and get more quality care if they pay for it themselves. Once and for all we must decide as a society whether health care is a right or a privilege. The lobbyists have always turned this question on its head.

Surely, what we have provides the best care in the world, which is why the very rich come here for care. At the heart of this question is not whether we have the best health care system, but what percentage of our population has access to it (as discussed in the Newsweek article, which you can access by the link provided above). This is why we need to pay far more attention to how the World Health Organization rates our health care (ranked 38 overall behind 37th ranked Third World Costa Rica and dead last among western civilizations) than how the Heritage Foundation rates it. Even the Affordable Care Act had it shortcomings providing three levels of coverage based on economic circumstances. Because longevity is correlated with where you live, your level of education, and your economic situation, we must compare what we have against what Europe offers, not based on availability of coverage, but based on access to care and what care most of our citizenry are provided.

Had the studies in the 70s been implemented with the intended solutions, we would have solved the problem with the creation of HMO's. Health Maintenance Organizations were supposed to follow those principles, which were to control costs by keeping people healthy. If people are healthy they do not need expensive procedures nor do they need to use health insurance that often. They did not because instead of operating under the long view, where controlling costs were the main objective, they instead opted to maximize profits each year, which works diametrically opposite to the reason the HMO was created in the first place: controlling costs by keeping people healthy. This was accomplished by encouraging wellness visits by paying 100% upfront coverage.

The sick population doesn't magically disappear when you change the public policy on how costs should be managed. This forces prices up before they can decrease. You start new policy with scores of sick people. Implementing this new policy cannot be done in a pure vacuum, meaning costs go up temporarily before utilization of services and incidence of illnesses decrease, driving costs down. This is the inherent problem in seeking a market-based solution, which involve corporation that have stockholders who don't give a damn about people's health.

Conservative politics sees market -based solutions as a panacea to all the ills of the world. This runs countermand to the way most western countries view these issues. Inasmuch as they have far lower infant mortality, and health care rated far higher than we rate under the World Health Organization, and at a much lower per capita cost, just maybe they are right and we are wrong.

FEATURED NEWSLETTER

 

WHAT IS DEFERRED COMPENSATION AND WHAT IS NOT

By Jerry Reiss

Family   Law attorneys are making huge mistakes dividing non-deferred Compensation   programs as deferred   compensation programs, thereby employing circular reasoning and committing   malpractice. What is Deferred Compensation and why mislabeling it cause such   concern is the focus of this short newsletter?

  Deferred Compensation, generally refers to deferring taxation on   earnings.  As something may be earned in the first place, it becomes an   acquired asset with the normal presumption attached that it was acquired   during the marriage.    Deferred Compensation is normally associated with Retirement and Welfare   Benefits but it can also include non-qualified stock and stock options.    The confusion begins with retirement plans because, to qualify as a   retirement plan the benefit must vest upon satisfying the conditions for   retirement, and all retirement plans must contain a definition of what is   earned, when it was earned, how it is earned, and that what is earned can   never be reduced.  While normally the last requirement is restricted to   qualified plans, here in Florida State statute prevents cutback of earned   retirement benefits.  Branca v. City of Miramar, 634 So. 2d 604,   607  (Fla. 1994) citing 4th DCA Branca, 602 So.2d at 1378 (Farmer   J., dissenting).  None of these attributes apply to Welfare Benefits or   other deferred compensation benefits programs.  Anderson v. Morrell,   830 F.2d 872, 876 (8th Cir. 1987) citing Winer v. Edison Bros. Stores   Pension Plan, 593 F.2d 307, 310 (8th Cir. 1979).  "Employee   Welfare Benefit Plans were expressly excluded from these sections ..."   Anderson v. Morrell at 876 citing Blau v. Del Monte Corp., 748 F.2d   1348, 1352 (9th Cor. 1984).  To be clear, only retirement benefits   contain earnings definitions, and only these benefits must be paid.    This is why determining what's marital property with all other deferred   compensation programs requires detailed analysis working the terms of the   benefit to determine what was earned and when it was earned. Jensen v.   Jensen, 824 So.2d 315, 317-320 (Fla. 1st DCA  2002)

Retirement   Benefits   include defined   benefit plans   and defined   contribution plans.    Defined benefit plans include traditional monthly benefit plans, floor and floor   offset plans   and cash   balance plans.    Defined Contribution plans include Profit Sharing and Defined Contribution   Pension Plans.  Profit Sharing plans include discretionary contribution   plans with or without corporate profit, 401(k) plans, or its government   equivalent, 457 Plans,  ESOPs, and Thrift   Plans.    Defined Contribution Pension Plans include money purchase pension plans or   its government equivalent, 403(b), and target benefit plans.  There are   other plans that are hybrids of one or more general classifications.    All of these plans have earnings and vesting definitions, must vest upon   attaining the conditions for retirement, must vest upon plan termination, and   what was earned can never be reduced.

Welfare   Benefit Plans   need not ever vest (and seldom do) and do not contain earnings   definitions.   These plans are generally insurance type plans, like   Health and Disability Insurance Plans and Life Insurance.  Benefit   rights flow from events randomly occurring in nature like, accident, illness   or death.  For that reason prepaid legal service is a welfare   benefit.  Coverage can be withdrawn based on the contract and the   contract alone and all rights terminate except those establishing benefits   based on these random event occurring while the contract was in force.    The only marital property associated with these benefits are cash value   rights created during the marriage or in some cases payments made during the   marriage.  Weisfeld v. Weisfeld,  513 So.2d 1278, 1281 (Fla.   1989) citing Goode, 692 S.W. 2d at 757; In Re: the Marriage of Burt,   494 N.E. 2d at 868; Lukas, 404 N.E. 2d at 505; Johnson, 838 S.W. 2d   703; Quiggins v. Quiggins, 637 S.W. 2d 666; 668-69 (Ky 1982); Platek,   454 A.2d at 1059; Orszula, 356 S.E.2d at 114; see Queen, 521   A.2d at 324. 

  Other deferred compensation programs need never vest because they are often   unfunded and seek to reward employees for future services that may or may not   be paid.  Because Welfare and non-retirement deferred distribution   benefits may not be paid, may never vest, and often don't have clear   definitions of what was earned, when it may be earned, vesting may substitute   for what was earned except when it can be shown by the way the benefit works   that vesting involves tangential effort.  Tangential effort can involve   great effort but be passive because the effort did not result in earning the   asset or the growth.  Thus, this entails a thorough understanding of the   four types of effort recognized under Florida Law:  Passive (little or   no effort), Tangential, Active (significant effort, yet passive), and a   Foundation of Active Efforts during various measurement periods.      

  But not all compensation paid in the future fits into F.S.   61.075(6)a.1d.  If an asset has yet to be created, it may not create   marital property even though it may create property in the future.  A   clear example of that is when a right to the property is created after the   cutoff date, such as the adoption of a 61.075(6)a.1d program developed after   the cutoff date which awards benefits or compensation after the cutoff date,   but may give earning credit during the marriage.   When deferred   compensation is used loosely where nothing has been acquired, simply   categorizing it as deferred confuses whether the asset was acquired.  In   the instance of deferred compensation programs, a contract or plan was   acquired before the cutoff date, and whether something was earned and how   much may befall on the person who participates in the contract or program to   demonstrate a non-marital portion because then at least a future right was   acquired during the marriage.  But when it is not a F.S. 61.075(6)a.1d   asset, it must be scrutinized to understand the compensation purpose.    If for example it is compensation rewarded if an injury occurs after the cutoff   date, it is not marital property. Such might be triggered by an executive   agreement delineating what occurs on firing or constructive firing pursuant   to a merger/acquisition.  But that same merger/acquisition may vest a   right to a stock option, and there it is 100% marital property, not based on   the actual merger/acquisition but because vesting it upon said occurrence   makes the company so much less saleable demonstrating vesting is a golden   handcuff because its vesting works against the company's interest, speaks   volumes that the award was fully earned when granted. If it's based on   disability, it's a 61.075(6)a.1d asset excluding income after the cutoff   date.  See Weisfeld.

  But many compensation programs may be designed as signing bonuses (as is often   accomplished with forgivable loans), which could create marital property or   be created when conditioned are met because the purpose of many such programs   is to sell a book of business at retirement.  Then, the property right   has not been created, and when it is created, that book of business involves   personal goodwill, and not marital property (See Thompson v. Thompson,   576 So.2d 267, 270 (Fla. 1991) citing Taylor v. Taylor, 386 N.W. 2d   851, 858 (Neb. 1986)) the existence of which is revealed by non-compete   clauses extending into retirement.  Held v. Held, 912 So. 2d 637,   640 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) citing Williams v. Williams, 667 So.2d 915,   916 (Fla. 2nd DCA 1996).  When the purpose is to buy a book of   business   at retirement it can involve two separate compensation programs because what   that business is worth is determined by two things:  1) The general   revenues produced at the moment of transfer, and the persistency of what clients   remain, which will require working those clients after the transfer takes   place.  That is why it can involve multiple programs coordinating with   one another and different non-compete clauses with each of the coordinating   programs.
  _____________________________________________________________________

  Over the last four years about half of my testimony deals with these complex   financial instruments and at least a third deals with post judgment contract   disputes.  In April of this year my testimony was favored over a   national consulting actuarial firm dealing with a benefit rights dispute   applying to a class of employees.  My testimony has been favored in   every single trial this year and this has been a very active year for   trials.  

*   D/b/a Jerry Reiss, ASA.  Enrolled Actuary Member of the American   Statistical Association.  Listed in Best Experts in America:    Family Law 2007-2012; Employment Law 2006-2012.

COMMENTARY

 Are Professional Organizations Operating Like Criminal Enterprises?

Are Professional Organizations like the Society of Actuaries, that exist ostensible to feed  itself by collecting  enormous fees from its members, operating as a criminal enterprise when it uses its power to prevent former members from doing any type of work without paying them tribute.  Is this a violation of RICOH? I think so.  Here’s my story.

I passed the associateship level of the SOA in 1982 and joined the Society of Actuaries and became a member.  At that time membership was voluntary.  I passed 7EA in 1983.  Thereafter I applied for and became a federally licensed pension Actuary.  In 1984, I started my own firm.  Defined benefit plans started to become scarce after the Tax Reform Act of 1986 became fully effective in 1989, causing me to look for another profession.  I applied my skill to forensic work in 1993 and fully transitioned into that line of work by 1999 when I closed my TPA, terminating my last defined benefit plan.  That was when I stopped paying the Society of Actuaries dues.  I still provided another firm actuarial certification until it terminated its last defined benefit plan, which was before 12/31/2000.  Thereafter, I did not make one dime from actuarial work from 1/01/2001 through 12/31/2007.  Shortly thereafter, I created my website.

The Great Recession affected many businesses and especially those that depended on new clients for their current income.  My income was slashed by more than 70%.  That caused me to update my site and advertise my credentials to see if I could attract a large pension company to offer me a job.  It did do just that but because I allowed my enrollment status to go inactive, no one was going to wait for me to activate it by acquiring the necessary continuing education requirements, which would have taken and did take about six months.  I reactivated my status as of April 2011 and sought actuarial certification work to pay continuing education credits and nothing more.  My income as one of the nation’s top experts fully rebounded by 2015.

In January 2015, a trader making $1,000,000 per year was forced to pay back child support in a proceeding that I was involved as an expert witness.  My role in that case was showing that his compensation included forgivable loans, which is a rather typical way people on WallStreet are paid today.  Owing more than one-quarter million dollars and having to pay he swore vengeance against me in court that was overheard by many.  He reported the matter to the Joint Board, of which I was a member, which refused to discipline me because I did nothing wrong.  He made the same complaint to the SOA that began to investigate me as a non-member.  It ordered me in writing to remove all references to passing the actuarial exams unless I applied for reinstatement.  It also ordered me to change my business name, Jerry Reiss, ASA, advising me it had a trade mark of it and therefore advised me I was in violation of that trademark.  I complied with all they asked to avoid litigation but refused to change my business name which I had been using since 1993.

I checked in 2015 and learned that it had no such trademark rights on neither the ASA designation nor the FSA designation, but 50 other organizations did, including the American Statistical Association, which I since joined, and the American Society of Appraisers, which conducts a vigorous examination process, similar to the actuaries, and its ASA designation is the most prestigious in America for business valuations.  Since I refused to change my business name or pay them tribute (involving over $10,000 in back dues) it threatened litigation and first applied for trademark rights three months before it filed against me in federal court on December 1, 2016.  As it was not economically viable over a mere $10,000 I was used to no doubt send a strong message to the 100s of other pension actuaries who stopped paying dues.   How is what they do different than what the American Mafia did for so-called protection rackets? 

SELECTED NEWSLETTERS

 

Newsletter 52.doc

When to Value Retirement Plans:  The Correct Answer      

newsletter 45 Orlando.doc Dividing Cash Balance Plans with QDRO'S newsletter 44 Orlando.doc Determining the Non-marital Portion of Retirement Plans II 

newsletter 43 orlando.doc The Quagmire Surrounding Real Estate Valuation, Part II 

Newsletter 39 orl.doc Structuring the Marital Settlement Agreement for Division by QDRO Part 1 

Newsletter 36 (south Florida) rev.doc Valuation Discipline on Alimony Newsletter 35.doc Apportioning Marital Interests of Stock Options:  Has Reason Melted into Madness? Newsletter No. 30 Orlando.doc Measuring the Marital Standard of Need P III:  Imputing Income 

Newsletter No. 29 Fort Lauderdale.doc Measuring the Marital Standard of Need PII 

Newsletter No. 25.doc Measuring the Marital Standard of Need 

Newsletter No. 24 PSL.doc  Reviewing QDRO'S Part III:  New Concerns 

Newsletter No. 23 final.doc Alimony Guidelines:  A Dangerous Frontier For Men Facing Divorce 

Newsletter No. 20  Orlando.doc 61.08 and 61.14 Defense
Identifying & Quantifying Professional Exposure
Newsletter No. 17.doc 

Newsletter No. 15.doc The Anatomy of Double-Dipping 

Newsletter No. 14 final (orl).doc Double-Dipping Problems with Alimony Calculations 

Newsletter 12.doc Municipal Retirement Plans

 Newsletter 11.doc 

Documents

PUBLICATION Downloads

83ILBJ 1 (DOC)Download
BOYETT p1 (RTF)Download
BOYETT p2 (RTF)Download
Classifying Damages (doc)Download
commentator0606 (pdf)Download
Commingled Funds (pdf)Download
COVERT 1 (RTF)Download
COVERT 2 (RTF)Download
CROSS 1 (RTF)Download
Determing The Non-marital 2 (doc)Download
Determining non-marital Portion (doc)Download
DRAFTI 2 (DOC)Download
Drafting QDRO's P1 (pdf)Download
FAIRSHARE 1 (DOC)Download
Forensic Valuations (pdf)Download

PUBLICATION Downloads Continued

Mathematics of Imuting Income (doc)Download
MED (DOC)Download
Newsletter 09 (doc)Download
Newsletter 11 (doc)Download
Newsletter 12 (doc)Download
Newsletter 35 (doc)Download
Newsletter 36 (south Florida) rev (doc)Download
Newsletter 39 orl (doc)Download
newsletter 43 orlando (doc)Download
newsletter 44 Orlando (doc)Download
newsletter 45 Orlando (doc)Download
Newsletter 52 (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 14 final (orl) (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 15 (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 17 PSL (doc)Download

PUBLICATION Downloads Continued

Newsletter No. 19 Orl (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 20 Orlando (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 23 final (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 24 PSL (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 25 (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 29 Fort Lauderdale (doc)Download
Newsletter No. 30 Orlando (doc)Download
Nonmarital Portion of Retirement Benefits (doc)Download
PERSONAL INJURY (RTF)Download
Post to face book (doc)Download
Public Pension Trap 1 (doc)Download
Public Pension Trap 2 (doc)Download
Questions that should cause alarm (doc)Download
stupid attorney questions (doc)Download
TitleVII p1 (doc)Download

PUBLICATION Downloads Continued

TitleVII p2 (doc)Download
Westlaw_Document_14_05_02_5116 (doc)Download

Copyright © 2022 Jerry Reiss  - All Rights Reserved.


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